绸的原料及工艺：

　　（1）. 真丝：桑蚕丝（桑）、柞蚕丝（柞）、桑绢丝（桑绢）、柞绢丝（柞绢）、桑轴丝（桑轴）、柞轴丝（相等轴）、蓖麻绢丝（蓖）的总称。

　　（2）. 粘胶人造丝（粘胶丝）：由粘胶方法制成的再生纤维素纤维的总称，是主要的人造丝，是人丝绸的主要原料。制作工艺：是用木材、棉短绒等纤维素为原料制成纸粕，再浸于18-25℃浓（18%上下）氢氧化钠溶液中1-2h，再压榨到浆粕质量的2.6-2.8倍，生成碱纤维素。再经粉碎、老化、加工硫化碳黄化生成纤维素黄酸酯，再溶解于衡的氢氧化钠溶液中成为粘胶。粘胶经熟成、脱泡、过滤后，在经纺丝机从喷丝头的细孔中压入由硫酸、硫酸钠和少量硫酸锌所组成的凝固浴中凝固、再生、拉伸成丝。然后将卷绕成丝饼，经水洗、脱硫、澡白、上油、和干燥后成为粘胶人造丝。

　　（3）. 粘胶人造棉：（学名：粘胶纤维。定名：粘纤）原料和生产方法同粘胶人造丝，只是在纺织机从喷头的细孔中压入由硫酸、硫酸钠和少量硫酸锌所组成的凝固浴中凝固、再生、拉伸形成丝，再集束拉伸后切成适当长度的短纤维，再经脱硫漂白、上油和干燥为人造棉。再经纺纱机纺成纱。
　　（4）. 铜氨人造丝（铜氨丝）：用上等木浆、棉短绒浆粕为原料，溶解在由铜四氨氢氧化物{Cu(NH3)4COH2}组成的铜络合盐溶液的铜氨溶液中制成纺丝溶液，经混和过滤和脱泡后纺丝。以水为凝固浴，水法成形是在"漏斗纺丝"。然后通过酸浴将纤维素完全再生，再水洗、上油、干燥而成铜氨人造丝。

　　（5）. 醋酸人造丝（醋脂丝）：用纤维素为原料，一般采用高纯度甲种纤维素的精制棉绒浆为原料，在催化剂存在下与醋酸酐作用，其分子上羟基的氢原子被乙酰基取代而生成三醋酸纤维素酯。醋酸化反映可在非均态下进行（主要用于湿防法制造纤维），也可在均态下进行直接纺丝。起光泽相似桑蚕丝。

　　（6）. 锦纶丝（短丝称锦纶，长丝称锦纶丝）：习称：耐纶、尼龙、卡普隆。由酰胺链与脂族基或脂环基连接的线刑大分子构成。根据缩聚组分的碳分子个数来简称各相应的脂族聚酰胺纤维。如聚酰胺单体聚合成。聚酰胺66纤维是由含有6个碳原子的已二酸缩聚而成。光泽分为半光、有光。外型似蚕丝，用其为原料的织品，称仿真丝稠。

　　（7）. 棉纶丝（短丝称涤纶、长丝称涤沦丝）：习称：涤纶、的确凉。由元醇与二元酸或W-羟基酸等合成的聚脂线刑大分子构成。用溶体纺丝法制成纤维，而后进行加工制成丝。外型似蚕丝，用其为原料的织品，称仿真丝稠。

　　（8）. 维纶丝（短丝称维纶，长丝称维纶丝）：习称：维尼龙、纱纶。由聚醋酸乙烯酯经皂化而成的高聚物。

　　（9）. 腈纶丝（短丝称腈纶，长丝称腈纶丝）：习称：奥纶、开司米纶、爱克兰。丙烯腈的聚合称。丙烯腈的聚合属自由茎型链式反应，生产中多采用溶液聚合法。根据所用溶液（介质）的不同，又可分为均相溶液聚合和非均向溶液聚合。均向溶液的溶剂有硫氰酸钠的浓水溶液、二甲基亚砜、二甲基酰胺等；非均相溶液多用水为介质，在聚合过程中高聚物不断沉沉淀析出。均相溶液聚合反应所得的聚合液就直接纺成腈纶丝。

　　（10）. 丙纶丝：（学名：聚丙烯纤维。习称，聚丙稀、帕纶。定名，短丝称丙纶，长丝称丙纶丝）。（丙）由丙烯聚合而成的高聚物。

　　（11）. 氯纶丝：（学名：聚氯乙烯纤维。习称，无美龙、氯纶。定名：短丝称氯纶，长丝称氯纶丝。）（氯）由氯乙烯经自由基聚合而成的高分子化合物。

　　（12）. 棉纱（棉）：用棉花经纺绩成纱。

　　（13）. 毛纱（毛）：用羊毛纺绩成纱。

　　（14）. 麻纱（麻）：用苎麻、黄麻、亚麻纤维纺绩成纱，常用规格同棉纱。

　　（15）. 金钱线革（铝皮）：不耐高温的，用铝箔粘合在两层纤维素醋酸丁酯薄膜之间，靠透明的粘着剂粘结，铝皮色彩决定在粘着剂中所加的醋纤颜色。用于不须炼的熟织物。 www.mingliuqipao.com(编辑整理）

Silk raw materials and processes:

(1). Silk: silk (mulberry), silk (oak), mulberry silk (mulberry silk), silk oak (Quercus silk), Sang-axis wire (Sang-axis), oak axoneme (equal axis), castor silk (grate) in general.

(2). Viscose rayon (viscose): made by the viscose method of the general regeneration of cellulose fibers, is the main man-made silk, silk is one of the main raw material. Production process: of wood, cotton linter cellulose as raw materials such as paper pulp, and then immersed in 18-25 ℃ concentration (18% down) sodium hydroxide solution, 1-2h, and then press the pulp quality of 2.6 -2.8 times, generating alkali cellulose. Via crushing, aging and curing process generates carbon yellow yellow cellulose ester, and then dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution in a balanced adhesive. Viscose by aging, deaeration, filtration, after spinning machine in the head from spinning into the pores of pressure from the sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate, and a small amount of zinc sulfate coagulation bath consisting of coagulation, regeneration, stretching into the wire. And then wound into a wire cake, after washing, desulfurization, a shower of white, oil, and dried as viscose rayon.

(3). Viscose rayon: (scientific name: viscose fiber. Denomination: viscous fiber) of raw materials and production methods with viscose rayon, only in the pores of the textile machine in the pressure from the nozzle into the sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate, and a small amount of zinc sulfate coagulation bath consisting of coagulation, regeneration, stretching the formation of silk, then cut into the appropriate cluster after stretching the length of the short fiber, and then by desulfurization bleaching, oiling and drying for the rayon. Via Spinning yarn.
(4). Copper ammonia rayon (copper ammonia wire): are used to wood pulp, cotton linter pulp as raw material, dissolved in ammonium hydroxide by the four copper (Cu (NH3) 4COH2) consisting of copper complex salt solution of copper ammonia solution in the spinning solution made by mixing spinning after filtration and deaeration. Water as coagulation bath, water law shape in the "funnel spinning." Cellulose by acid bath and then complete regeneration, and then washing, oiling, drying is made of copper ammonia rayon.

(5). Acetate rayon (vinegar fat wire): cellulose as raw material, generally use a kind of high-purity refined cellulose pulp as raw material lint, and acetic anhydride in the presence of the role of catalyst, molecular hydrogen on the hydroxyl atoms are replaced by the generated 3-acetyl-cellulose acetate ester. Acetic acid was reflected both in non-state under the (anti-wet method is mainly used for manufacture of fiber), or in all states under the direct spinning. Luster similar to silk since.

(6). Polyamide fiber (staple fiber called nylon, nylon filament yarn, said): Xi said: nylon, nylon, Kapron. By the amide and aliphatic chain or alicyclic base line base connected criminal macromolecules. According to the number of carbon molecules polycondensation component to short the corresponding aliphatic polyamide fibers. Polymerization of monomers such as polyamide. Polyamide 66 fiber is contained six carbon atoms formed from adipic acid condensation. Luster is divided into half-light, bright. Looks like silk, as raw material with the fabric, said thick silk.

(7). Lun silk cotton (polyester staple fiber, said, saying Polyester filament yarn): Xi said: polyester, really cool. By the alcohols and diacids or W-hydroxy acid synthesis of polyester line criminal macromolecules. Melt spinning method with fibroblasts, and then made into silk processing. Looks like silk, fabric with its raw materials, said the thick silk.

(8). Vinylon wire (short wire, said polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, said filament wire): Xi said: NYLON, yarn-lun. From the polyvinyl acetate polymer formed by the saponification.

(9). Acrylic wire (short wire, said acrylic, acrylic yarn, said filament): Xi said: Austrian Lun, cashmere Wong, Ai Kelan. Polymerization of acrylonitrile, said. Polymerization of acrylonitrile is free stem-type chain reaction, production in the use of solution polymerization. According to the solution (medium) of different, but also into non-homogeneous solution polymerization and were to solution polymerization. There are solvent to the solution of concentrated aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, etc.; non-homogeneous solution and more water as the medium of polymer in the polymerization process continuously Shen precipitation. Homogeneous solution polymerization directly from the polymer solution spun acrylic yarn.

(10). PP yarn: (scientific name: polypropylene fiber. Xi said, polypropylene, Patrick Wong. Naming, short wire that PP, PP filament, said filament). (C) formed by the polymerization of propylene polymers.

(11). Chlorofibres wire: (scientific name: PVC fiber. Xi said, without the United States Long, polyvinyl chloride fiber. Naming: a short wire, said polyvinyl chloride fiber, filament, said polyvinyl chloride fiber wire.) (Chlorine) from vinyl chloride by the free polymerization of the polymer base.

(12). Yarn (cotton): The spinning of cotton yarn.

(13). Yarn (wool): spinning wool into yarn.

(14). Cambric (Ma): The ramie, jute, flax fiber spinning yarn, common specifications with cotton.

(15). Money line leather (Aluminum skin): no heat, and with aluminum foil adhesive film in between two layers of cellulose butyl acetate, by a transparent adhesive bonding, aluminum skin color decided by adhesive added acetate colors. Do not need to mixing cooked for fabric. www.mingliuqipao.com (edited)